Bo+Ryung

// 5Making A Cider //
__** Materials ** __  1. Citric Acid(lemon) 2. Sodium Bicarbonate(Baking soda) 3. Sugar 4. Salt 5. Water 6. Beaker 7. Stirrer 8. Cup 9. Ice cubes

__**Procedure**__ 1. Put ice cubes and salt together in the beaker 2. If you put salt with the ice, the temperature will decrease until -20˚C. 3. Pour 150ml of water in the cup 4. Put ↑ in the ice( process no.2) 5. Dissolve 9g of sugar and 1g of sodium bicarbonate in the water. 6. Put the citric acid, dissolve it 7. Quickly cover the cup using wrapper so that the gas cannot leak 8. See whether it bubbles when citric acid and sodium bicarbonate met 9. Taste it and compare it with the cider that i made with the cider that I've bought at supermarket.

__** If i pour few drops of lemon juice(citric acid) on baking soda(sodium bicarbonate), the bubbles will be formed.
 * __ Hypothesis

__**Things that i want to find out**__ 1. Does it bubbles when sodium bicarbonate and citric acid reacts? __**What i have to consider**__ 1. What exactly is the bubble? 2. Apart from the bubble, what else are made after the reaction? 

**__General Information__** - "//Historically, the first// soda waters //were prepared by adding// sodium bicarbonate //to// lemonade//. A// chemical reaction //between sodium bicarbonate and// citric acid //occurred to create carbon dioxide.// The person who is usually credited with first successfully creating carbonated water is Joseph Priestley in 1796."  - "The Solvay process, also referred to as the ammonia-soda process**,** is the major industrial process for the production of soda ash(sodium carbonate). The ammonia-soda process was developed into its m odern form by Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this process are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from mines)."

- Sodium bicarbonate : is the chemical compound with formula NaHCO3 .Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slight alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium bicarbonate). It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs. The natural mineral form is known as nahcolite. It is also produced artificially.NaHCO3 is mainly prepared by the Solvay process, which is the reaction of calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in water.

- Citric acid : is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. Citric acid exists in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. **Lemons** and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; *Cited from google. **__Chemical Equation between citric acid and sodium bicarbonate__** According to an internet website, chemical equation between citric acid and sodium bicarbonate is known as ** In here, (s) refers to solid, (aq) refers to aqueous, (g) refers to gas, and (l) refers to liquid. When lemon juice and sodium bicarbonate reacts, bubbles are made. From here, it can be seen that the bubble equals to carbon dioxide. However, what are sodium citrate and water? Although the lemon juice was the only liquid that i used in the experiment, when citric acid and sodium bicarbonate are mixed, the all the other elements disappear into the air or are mixed in the bubble. After this, water is the only left element. Now, then what is sodium citrate? For example, let's say that there are salt and water. Salt can be seen in our eyes when it's not dissolved in water. However, when it is completely dissolved in the water, it can't be seen by our eyes. Thus, sodium citrate can be considered as the things that dissolved in the water, that is something that cannot be seen in our eyes, but definitely exists.
 * 6(NaHCO3) (s) + 2(C6H8O7) (aq) --> 2(Na3C6H5O7) (aq) + 6(CO2) (g) + 6(H2O) (l) **
 * (sodium bi-CO3)+(citric acid) =(sodium citrate)+(carbon dioxide)+(water).

**__ Result __** I could not feel the cider that I've made bubbling when i swallowed it. However, when i dropped the lemon's juice on the sodium bicarbonate, it bubbled. The sodium bicarbonate(which was alternated by baking soda) seemed to be melted when it reacted with lemon juice. It can be concluded that reaction between sodium bicarbonate and citric acid(which is the main element of lemon juice) gives off bubbles, and the bubble is found out to be carbon dioxide. Apart from carbon dioxide, water and sodium citrate are also made.

Images of Molecules/atoms __**   The red molecules = Oxygen The white molecules = Hydrogen The black molecules = Carbon The combination of those molecules come out to be a citric acid. Also, in the picture, there are some gray pipe things that connects each molecules. However, the pipe things do not really exist. They are just the tools to show that the molecules are all combined to each other.
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