Barbie+and+Rachel

=CRYSTAL MAKING (: = = = =OUR PLAN= We were trying to grow crystals We wanted to do it because we thought that it would be interesting and that it would help us learn more about matter and chemistry The methods we used are listed below.

=Copper Sulfate Crystals= a copper sulfate crystal =Ingredients=

copper sulfate water jar

Seed Crystal
Pour a little of the saturated copper sulfate solution into a saucer or shallow dish. Allow it to sit in an undisturbed location for several hours or overnight. Select the best crystal as your 'seed' for growing a large crystal. Scrape the crystal off of the container Tie it to a of fishing line. Produce more of saturated copper sulfate in very hot water (30g of copper sulfate & 100ml of water) Pour the solution into a jar And put the seed crystal in hanging by the fishing line. Wait a few days for crystals to grow, Our OVERLY supersaturated soultion. Our filterate that turned into crystals. Our first sucessful crystal. (:

= Seed crystal's shape is a parallelogram  =THE RESULT=

Qualitative data/observations
In our experiment, we started we a specific amount of saturated solution to place our seed crystal in order for th crystal to grow. After three days, we found that the seed crystal had been melted in the solution. We firgured that the soltion was not concentrated enough seed and was too hot. Using the hot plate the next class, we melted more copper sulfate in the original solution.In the end we added too much copper sulfate and made the solution supersaturated that it started to precipitate. We tried to filter the precipitant with a filter paper, so it won't interfere with the crystal's growth, but we werent that successful in the end small crystals formed on to the filter paper. We estimate that these crystals were smaller because they took less time to form. We then placed a new seed crystal into our newly made saturated solution, and left it there to rest for about 4 days. This time it was a successful, the crystal has signifiantly grew. We continued to saturate our solution the next few classes and the crystal had been continously growing. Over the winter break we let it sat for about 2 weeks, the solution ended up half dried up. The crystall had grown by a lot, and some of the solution had even grown out on to the surface of the beaker. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =STORM GLASS (crystal) = strom glass

Ingredients
2.5 g potassium nitrate 2.5 g ammonium chloride 33 mL distilled water 40 mL ethanol 10 g camphor

Procedure
Dissolve the potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride in the water Add the ethanol Then add the camphor (helps to warm the solution to ensure complete mixing. ) Place in corked the test tube Our solution for the storm glass.

Observing the liquid in the storm glass was supposed to indicate changes in the weather. If the liquid in the glass was clear, the weather would be bright and clear. If the liquid was cloudy, the weather would be cloudy as well, perhaps with precipitation. If there were small dots in the liquid, humid or foggy weather could be expected. A cloudy glass with small stars indicated thunderstorms. If the liquid contained small stars on sunny winter days, then snow was coming. If there were large flakes throughout the liquid, it would be overcast in temperate seasons or snowy in the winter. Crystals at the bottom indicated frost. Threads near the top meant it would be windy.The premise of the functioning of the storm glass is that temperature and pressure affect solubility.

=Result= The result did not come out as we predicted. After we poured our mixed solutin into the test tube, no changes wre really made as we observed. But as we were mixing this strom glass solution we observed an interesting reaction. As we added the enthanol the solution suddenly turned cold, it turned warm after camphor. However, our result looks fairly simialr to our internet results.

=What we leant about science?= "Unit cell definition using parallelepiped with lengths //a//, //b//, //c// and angles between the sides given by α,β,γ"

BARBIE (:
As the textbook says from page 280 to 282. The particls in liquids are kind of free to move. However the particles in solids are not, they can only 'vibrate about fixed points'. In most solids the particles are in fixed positions and are squeezed agaisnt each other in a very organized arrangement, this is why solids tend to be dense and hard. As we have discussed in class when an heat (energry) in being transfered in to a solid the particales 'vibrate' faster. Sooner or later the organizatoin of these particle with in the solid fall apart and the solid would melt. Most solid substance are crystalline. A crystal is made out of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern which is called the crystal lattice. All crystals have a general shape, the shape of a crystal shows us the arangement of the particles inside. The kind of bonding that occur between the atoms represent the melting pointsof the crystals. A crystal has faces, or sides. The angles where the faces of a crystal intersect are always the same for a given substance. Crystal are sorted into seven groups, or systems.

Rachel’s evaluation In this experiment, I learned that the different crystals have different structure and faces, because the particles in them are arranged in different sequence. In our experiment, our first trial wasn’t successful, it melted in the solution. I think one factor that had affected the result is temperature, because based on the science textbook, the “the kinetic energy of the water molecules is greater at a higher temperature.” I think the heat energy had affected the organization of these particles which the crystal eventually melted. I also learnt the idea of that each solution has a fixed amount of solubility, we added too much solute in the solvent, and we tried to stir it vigorously, so the solute can melt into the solution. The unsaturated matters had float on top of the solution, no matter how hard we try to let it melt, it did not melt. From the research we did during our experiment, I learnt that a crystal is made out of atoms, ions, or molecules. They are arranged in a three-dimensional pattern, crystal lattices. Crystal lattice is a geometric arrangement the crystal structure and they have the same group of atoms. The faces, sides are depend arrangement in the particles inside. The atoms move in a three dimensional movement which made up the shape of the crystal. Sopper sulfate crystal is a Triclinic Lattices as shown the graph below.

systems** |||||||| **The 14 Bravais Lattices:** || (1 hexad) || || Each dot represents the atoms or ions
 * **The 7 Crystal
 * [|triclinic] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Triclinic.svg/80px-Triclinic.svg.png width="80" height="96" caption="Triclinic" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Triclinic.svg"]] ||
 * [|monoclinic] || simple || base-centered ||
 * ^  || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Monoclinic.svg/80px-Monoclinic.svg.png width="80" height="125" caption="Monoclinic, simple" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monoclinic.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Monoclinic-base-centered.svg/80px-Monoclinic-base-centered.svg.png width="80" height="125" caption="Monoclinic, centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monoclinic-base-centered.svg"]] ||
 * [|orthorhombic] || simple || base-centered || body-centered || face-centered ||
 * ^  || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Orthorhombic.svg/80px-Orthorhombic.svg.png width="80" height="116" caption="Orthorhombic, simple" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orthorhombic.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Orthorhombic-base-centered.svg/80px-Orthorhombic-base-centered.svg.png width="80" height="116" caption="Orthorhombic, base-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orthorhombic-base-centered.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Orthorhombic-body-centered.svg/80px-Orthorhombic-body-centered.svg.png width="80" height="116" caption="Orthorhombic, body-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orthorhombic-body-centered.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Orthorhombic-face-centered.svg/80px-Orthorhombic-face-centered.svg.png width="80" height="116" caption="Orthorhombic, face-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orthorhombic-face-centered.svg"]] ||
 * [|hexagonal]
 * [|rhombohedral] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rhombohedral.svg/80px-Rhombohedral.svg.png width="80" height="96" caption="Rhombohedral" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhombohedral.svg"]] ||
 * [|tetragonal] || simple || body-centered ||
 * ^  || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tetragonal.svg/80px-Tetragonal.svg.png width="80" height="133" caption="Tetragonal, simple" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetragonal.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tetragonal-body-centered.svg/80px-Tetragonal-body-centered.svg.png width="80" height="133" caption="Tetragonal, body-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tetragonal-body-centered.svg"]] ||
 * [|cubic] || simple || body-centered || face-centered ||
 * ^  || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Cubic.svg/80px-Cubic.svg.png width="80" height="93" caption="Cubic, simple" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cubic.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/80px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png width="80" height="93" caption="Cubic, body-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cubic-body-centered.svg"]] || [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/80px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png width="80" height="93" caption="Cubic, face-centered" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cubic-face-centered.svg"]] ||

The copper sulfate crystal represent the Triclinic system. As you can see it is shaped like a parallelogram



A diagram to show how the atoms in a sulfate crystal are arranged. During our experimental work i learnt a lot more about crystals. And during the mix of our strom glass solution i also learnt more about endothermic reactions. It occurs when a process or reaction rebsorbs energry in the form of heat. This occured in our experiment when ethanol was added, From how the storm glass can fortell weather i also learnt that weather can be fortold by the pressure that is being given out.